See brewen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Disease",
"orig": "enm:Disease",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "brew"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "brew"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "brew"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*bʰrewh₁-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰrewh₁-"
],
[
"brēowan",
"breowan#Old_English"
],
[
"*breuwan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/breuwan"
],
[
"*brewwaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brewwaną"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰrewh₁-",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "bʰrewh₁-"
},
"expansion": "PIE root\n *bʰrewh₁-",
"name": "PIE root box"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ang:brēowan"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰrewh₁-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*brewwaną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*breuwan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"brēowan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"brewen\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"brewen\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "brēowan"
},
"expansion": "Old English brēowan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*breuwan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *breuwan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*brewwaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *brewwaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ang:brēowan"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "PIE root\n *bʰrewh₁-\nFrom Old English brēowan, from Proto-West Germanic *breuwan, from Proto-Germanic *brewwaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "breweth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brewynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brew",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "browen",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "strong weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "2 or weak in -ede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "brewen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to brewen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "brewe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "brewe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brew",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brewed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brewede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brewest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "browe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brewedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "breweth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brew",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brewed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brewede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brewe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "browe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "brewed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "brewede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "brewe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brewen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brewe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "browen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "browe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "breweden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brewed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brewede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "breweth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brewe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brewynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brewende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "browen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "browe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "brewed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ybrowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ybrowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ybrewed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "breu",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "breuen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "brew",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "brewe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "brewyn",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"East-Anglia"
]
},
{
"form": "browne",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "brwyn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "bruwyn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "brewen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "breweth",
"2": "brewynge",
"3": "brew",
"4": "browen"
},
"expansion": "brewen (third-person singular simple present breweth, present participle brewynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative brew, past participle browen)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "brew",
"2": "brew",
"3": "brow",
"4": "brow",
"class": "2",
"w": "ede",
"y": "2"
},
"name": "enm-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "brewere"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "brewestere"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "brewhous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "brewynge"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 22 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 16 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 22 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 22 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "74 11 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "65 15 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Beer",
"orig": "enm:Beer",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To brew; to make or be involved in making alcoholic beverages (especially beer)."
],
"id": "en-brewen-enm-verb-dqxa49W2",
"links": [
[
"brew",
"brew"
],
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"making",
"making"
],
[
"beverages",
"beverages"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To induce or cause a condition or effect; to foment or effect."
],
"id": "en-brewen-enm-verb-ewdhgBIj",
"links": [
[
"induce",
"induce"
],
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"condition",
"condition"
],
[
"effect",
"effect"
],
[
"foment",
"foment"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To unfold or begin; to start to happen or take effect."
],
"id": "en-brewen-enm-verb-0z090rUL",
"links": [
[
"unfold",
"unfold"
],
[
"begin",
"begin"
],
[
"start",
"start"
],
[
"happen",
"happen"
],
[
"effect",
"effect"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbriu̯ən/"
}
],
"word": "brewen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English class 2 strong verbs",
"Middle English entries with etymon",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰrewh₁-",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"enm:Beer",
"enm:Disease"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "brew"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "brew"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "brew"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*bʰrewh₁-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰrewh₁-"
],
[
"brēowan",
"breowan#Old_English"
],
[
"*breuwan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/breuwan"
],
[
"*brewwaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brewwaną"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰrewh₁-",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "bʰrewh₁-"
},
"expansion": "PIE root\n *bʰrewh₁-",
"name": "PIE root box"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ang:brēowan"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰrewh₁-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*brewwaną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*breuwan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"brēowan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"brewen\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"brewen\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "brēowan"
},
"expansion": "Old English brēowan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*breuwan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *breuwan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*brewwaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *brewwaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ang:brēowan"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "PIE root\n *bʰrewh₁-\nFrom Old English brēowan, from Proto-West Germanic *breuwan, from Proto-Germanic *brewwaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "breweth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brewynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brew",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "browen",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "strong weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "2 or weak in -ede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "brewen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to brewen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "brewe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "brewe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brew",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brewed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brewede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brewest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "browe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brewedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "breweth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brew",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brewed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brewede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brewe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "browe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "brewed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "brewede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "brewe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brewen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brewe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "browen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "browe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "breweden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brewed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brewede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "breweth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brewe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brewynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brewende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "browen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "browe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "brewed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ybrowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ybrowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ybrewed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "breu",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "breuen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "brew",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "brewe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "brewyn",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"East-Anglia"
]
},
{
"form": "browne",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "brwyn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "bruwyn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "brewen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "breweth",
"2": "brewynge",
"3": "brew",
"4": "browen"
},
"expansion": "brewen (third-person singular simple present breweth, present participle brewynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative brew, past participle browen)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "brew",
"2": "brew",
"3": "brow",
"4": "brow",
"class": "2",
"w": "ede",
"y": "2"
},
"name": "enm-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "brewere"
},
{
"word": "brewestere"
},
{
"word": "brewhous"
},
{
"word": "brewynge"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To brew; to make or be involved in making alcoholic beverages (especially beer)."
],
"links": [
[
"brew",
"brew"
],
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"making",
"making"
],
[
"beverages",
"beverages"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To induce or cause a condition or effect; to foment or effect."
],
"links": [
[
"induce",
"induce"
],
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"condition",
"condition"
],
[
"effect",
"effect"
],
[
"foment",
"foment"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To unfold or begin; to start to happen or take effect."
],
"links": [
[
"unfold",
"unfold"
],
[
"begin",
"begin"
],
[
"start",
"start"
],
[
"happen",
"happen"
],
[
"effect",
"effect"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbriu̯ən/"
}
],
"word": "brewen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for brewen meaning in Middle English (8.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (f9fe161 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.